• Infections transmitted through sexual intercourse
  • Person may be infected, but has no signs and symptoms of association with a disease
  • Spread by all forms of sexual contact when an infected person’s body fluids get in contact with mucosal membranes

Syphilis

  • Caused by bacteria
  • Symptoms:
    • Chancre (Painless sore) appears where bacteria entered
    • Lymph nodes swell around area of infection
    • Non-itchy body rashes, which may develop into infections lesions
    • Paralysis, blindness, death
  • Treatment with antibiotics is effective in early stages
  • Can be passed from mother to child during pregnancy or childbirth
    • Rashes
    • Widely spaced teeth
    • Deformity in the nose

Gonorrhoea

  • Caused by bacteria
  • Symptoms:
    • Pus discharge from penis or vagina
    • Painful burning sensation during urination
    • Swilling/pain in testes for men &lower abdominal pain for women
    • If not treated, it may spread to other reproductive organs, leading to sterility
  • Treatment with antibiotics is effective if treated early
  • Bacteria is unable to pass through placenta but can be passed from mother to child during childbirth

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

  • Caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
  • Kills and infects white blood cells (helper T cells) that produces antibodies
  • May show no symptoms for up to 10 years as white blood cell count slowly drops
  • Some syndromes:
    • Persistent fever
    • Severe diarrhoea lasting for months
    • Kaposi’s sarcoma
    • Pneumonia and widespread tuberculosis affecting many organs simultaneously
    • Swelling of lymph nodes
  • Can pass through placenta
  • Anti-viral drugs can only slow down progression, but cannot cure it