Traditional Jazz

History §

Blues Regime + African American influences = Early Jazz African American influences:

• Polyrhythm
• Call and Response (Gosper)
  • Originally singing abt their lives
  • Text got removed in Jazz
  • Became Instrumental

People §

Instrumentalists §

• Jerry Roll Morton
  • Father of Stride Piano
• Louis Armstrong (Trumpet)
• King Oliver
• Duke Ellington

Singers §

• Ella Fitzgerald
• Mamie Smith

Key Terms §

1. Traditional Jazz/New Orleans Jazz/Dixieland Jazz (Before 1930s)
2. Swing Rhythm
3. Syncopation
4. Horn section (Reed and Brassy instruments)
   1. Clarinet (High)
   2. Trumpet/Cornet (Mid)
   3. Trombone (Low)
5. Rhythm section
   1. Piano (Pitched)
   2. Double Bass (Pitched)
   3. Tuba (Pitched)
   4. Drums (Non-pitched)
6. Form
   1. Introduction (Optional)
   2. Head (First time)
   3. Chorus
   4. Head reprise
   5. Break
7. Collective Improvisation (Not many solos)
8. Break
9. Stop time
10. Scat singing
11. Back beat
12. Half time
13. Double time

Performance Techniques §

Expand vocal techniques (crooning, pitch bending, vibrato), include capabilities of the voice in the instruments Showcases virtuosity

1. Pitch Bending
2. Portamento (Slide the trombone/trumpet)
3. Shaking
4. Overblowing (Squeaky timbre)

Timeline §

1917: Livery Stable Blues (Original Dixieland Jazz Band) 1923: Dippermouth Blues (King Oliver’s Creole Band) 1926: Heebie Jeebies